@article{Streit2006,
	title = {{3D} parallel coordinate systems - A new data visualization method in the context of microscopy-based multicolor tissue cytometry},
	volume = {{69A}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.20288},
	doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.20288},
	abstract = {Presentation of multiple interactions is of vital importance in the new field of cytomics. Quantitative analysis of multi- and polychromatic stained cells in tissue will serve as a basis for medical diagnosis and prediction of disease in forthcoming years. A major problem associated with huge interdependent data sets is visualization. Therefore, alternative and easy-to-handle strategies for data visualization as well as data meta-evaluation (population analysis, cross-correlation, co-expression analysis) were {developed.To} facilitate human comprehension of complex data, {3D} parallel coordinate systems have been developed and used in automated microscopy-based multicolor tissue cytometry {(MMTC).} Frozen sections of human skin were stained using the combination {anti-CD45-PE,} {anti-CD14-APC,} and {SytoxGreen} as well as the appropriate single and double negative controls. Stained sections were analyzed using automated confocal laser microscopy and semiquantitative {MMTC-analysis} with {TissueQuest} 2.0. The {3D} parallel coordinate plots are generated from semiquantitative immunofluorescent data of single cells. The {2D} and {3D} parallel coordinate plots were produced by further processing using the Matlab environment {(Mathworks,} {USA).Current} techniques in data visualization primarily utilize scattergrams, where two parameters are plotted against each other on linear or logarithmic scales. However, data evaluation on cartesian x/y-scattergrams is, in general, only of limited value in multiparameter analysis. Dot plots suffer from serious problems, and in particular, do not meet the requirements of polychromatic high-context tissue cytometry of millions of cells. The {3D} parallel coordinate plot replaces the vast amount of scattergrams that are usually needed for the cross-correlation analysis. As a result, the scientist is able to perform the data meta-evaluation by using one single plot. On the basis of {2D} parallel coordinate systems, a density isosurface is created for representing the event population in an intuitive {way.The} proposed method opens new possibilities to represent and explore multidimensional data in the perspective of cytomics and other life sciences, e.g., {DNA} chip array technology. Current protocols in immunofluorescence permit simultaneous staining of up to 17 markers. Showing the cross-correlation between these markers requires 136 scattergrams, which is a prohibitively high number. The improved data visualization method allows the observation of such complex patterns in only one {3D} plot and could take advantage of the latest developments in {3D} imaging. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Cytometry Part A},
	author = {Marc Streit and Rupert C. Ecker and Katja Österreicher and Georg E. Steiner and Horst Bischof and Christine Bangert and Tamara Kopp and Radu Rogojanu},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {601--611}
}